lowering the prices they offer to customers. These mechanisms create much greater scope for collusion than economic models … unconcentrated the industry becomes. In some instances, lower market concentration makes collusion easier; smaller firms may be more … dependent on collaboration with rivals and thus may be easier to punish if they undercut collusion. These results run directly …

The notion of collusion is commonly understood as serving a jurisdictional function, determining the scope of Article … argues that there is no such limit insofar as the classification as a particular form of collusion is irrelevant. Collusion … infringement of contributing to common objectives and knowledge of the conduct of the parties. The study also argues that collusion …

further involved in collusion by suggesting bidders that a particular company should win a contract and require bidders to … collusion and corruption is likely and what motivates a procurement official to get involved in collusion. The paper presents … resolving the confluence of collusion and corruption in Japan …