English Abstract: In the 19th and 20th centuries, Turkey considered only North Africa a substantial part of the Ottoman … Empire and neglected sub-Saharan Africa unless vital interests were at stake. However, the apathy of successive Turkish … governments changed with the 1998 "Africa Action Plan". Since then, the Turkish state has intensified its diplomatic, political …

English Abstract: In the 19th and 20th centuries, Turkey considered only North Africa a substantial part of the Ottoman … Empire and neglected sub-Saharan Africa unless vital interests were at stake. However, the apathy of successive Turkish … governments changed with the 1998 "Africa Action Plan". Since then, the Turkish state has intensified its diplomatic, political …

West Africa. Land pressure and water scarcity are causing increasingly acute crises. Traditional institutions of water and … of the undesirable by-products of agricultural productivity growth, but customary institutions cannot provide adequate … plus aiguës. Les institutions traditionnelles de gestion de l'eau et des terres sont souvent déstabilisées par les …

Africa with a focus on those Sub-Saharan African countries that belong to the Commonwealth: market access, Foreign Direct … Africa and elsewhere. Concerning security cooperation with Africa, London apparently exaggerated its defence input in order …-Brexit agreements to stem irregular migration and the growth of jihadist groups and terrorism. In a nutshell, the analysis of these …

study were; To identify the leading economies in Africa and the dynamics of their economies that is boosting growth, to …Africa has been considered as one of the fastest growing economies in recent times. The specific objectives of the … identify the challenges of Africa's development, and to identify prospects and opportunities in Africa. Nigeria, South Africa …

-Brexit relationships between Britain, the EU, and Africa: market access, foreign direct investment (FDI), aid, security, and the nature of … questionable whether London could offer something new that other global players with increasing interest in Africa, such as China …

o desenvolvimento da África Ocidental? O exemplo da Nigéria, Gana e Senegal] -As relações externas e comerciais do … Brasil com a África Subsaariana (ASS) remontam ao comércio português de escravos. Dos 9,5 milhões de pessoas capturadas na … África e trazidas para o Novo Mundo entre os séculos XVI e XIX, cerca de 4 milhões desembarcaram no Rio de Janeiro, ou seja …

institutions, or IFIs. In response, in the 1980s, the World Bank approved SOE reforms that could be summed up in the term … public. The findings of recent studies in Africa suggest that PPI should not be jettisoned, and that the more productive path …