This note demonstrates that random delivery of services of factors of production is a ubiquitous source of increasing returns to scale with otherwise constant returns technology. It is also shown that such economies must eventually be exhausted -- that returns to scale are asymptotically...

<DIV>In the United States today, there are some 3,400 separately governed colleges and universities, amounting to a higher education industry with expenditures that constitute 2.8% of the gross national product. Yet, the economic issues affecting this industry have been paid relatively little...</div>