This article analyzes the income polarization in Brazil for 1981 and 2003. After we explain the differences between polarization and inequality, we calculate the income polarization for Brazil, based on the work of Esteban, Gradin e Ray (1999). The results indicate that the bipolarization...

This article analyzes the work polarization in Brazil. We can define polarization as the difference between the observed ratio of workless households and the ratio that would prevailed if the work was randomly assigned to people. For example, imagine a simplified world with only two households...