The implementation of European Union directives into national law is at the discretion of member states. We analyze …. -- European Union law ; directives ; compliance ; European Court of Justice ; court behavior ; uncertainty ; legal process …

Driven by the European Court of Justice and the European Commission, “integration through law” has led to a broad … who use European law as an instrument to enforce their own interests. The European judges deciding cases are characterized … by an integrationist perception of the aims of European law. Ex-post political correction of ECJ decisions is unlikely …