The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model is a continuation of nearly 30 years of modeling efforts conducted by … robust interdisciplinary watershed modeling tool, as evidenced by international SWAT conferences, hundreds of SWAT … the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service. SWAT has gained international acceptance as a …

Since the influential survey by Windrum et al. (2007), research on empirical validation of agent-based models in … stock of such recent literature to offer an updated critical review of existing validation techniques. We sketch a simple … theoretical framework that conceptualizes existing validation approaches, which we discuss along three different dimensions: (i …

We propose a general protocol for calibration and validation of complex simulation models by an approach based on … theoretical model, another estimated from a set of observed data. Validation is conceived as a measure of matching between the …

-up methodology generates different results for different catchments. We explore damages of nitrate pollution in six European …

quality in the basin. Geostatistical analysis of groundwater nitrate levels was conducted using data collected through an … periods. The results of analysis include maps of nitrate contamination and probability of exceedance of drinking-water nitrate …. Nitrate levels in groundwater exceed standard limits for drinking water in many parts of the basin. These findings were …

during its gradual transformation into irrigated land. To this end, salinity balances were carried out and the nitrate … salinity and increased nitrate concentration in drainage. The increase in the volume of drainage increased the masses of salt … and nitrate exported, which in turn increased pollution indices during the transition. However, these indices were still …