Sanctions are meant to coerce political adversaries through economic measures. However, evidence for their … effectiveness is scarce. In this paper we assess the impact of sanctions on a democracy - France - by studying the electoral … consequences of the sanctions and countersanctions imposed between Russia and Western countries. Contrary to most of the existing …

In this paper, we use a novel firm level dataset for Germany to investigate the effect of sanctions on export behaviour … and performance of German firms. More specifically, we study the sanctions imposed by the EU against Russia in 2014 in … trade restrictions, we provide further evidence on the indirect effects of sanctions. Analysing the impact on broader …

and CO2 emissions will rise in the scenarios with international sanctions. Imposed sanctions on Iran exacerbate the … emissions. Thus, based on our findings, prolonging international sanctions could be a major barrier to improving energy … intensity and lowering CO2 emissions. Given the potential unintended environmental consequences of international sanctions, this …

In this paper, we use a novel firm level dataset for Germany to investigate the effect of sanctions on export behaviour … and performance of German firms. More specifically, we study the sanctions imposed by the EU against Russia in 2014 in … trade restrictions, we provide further evidence on the indirect effects of sanctions. Analysing the impact on broader …

This paper examines the impact of coalitions on the economic costs of the 2012 Iran and 2014 Russia sanctions. By … losses for sanctions senders and target; (ii) compare prospective coalition partners; (iii) investigate "optimal" coalitions … that maximise payoff from sanctions; (iv) provide bounds for sanctions potential, i.e. the maximum welfare change …

that crude oil is not a homogenous good and that the relevant substitutability for analyzing the impact of trade sanctions … in crude oil refining resulting from sanctions. …

carbon emissions. This study investigates the impact of sanctions on Iran's energy efficiency across different industrial sub …-sectors from 2015 to 2019. We compute a sanctions index for each industrial sub-sector by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA …). This index measures how much each sub-sector has been affected by sanctions. Additionally, energy efficiency is measured …

Financial sanctions, which aim to economically hurt a target by restricting its access to financial assets and markets … offer secrecy ('tax havens') undermine sanctions by hiding ownership information, so far data limitations have prevented a … findings confirm that target countries evade sanctions by moving large portions of their funds from sanctioning countries to …

We examine Russian imports since a coalition of countries imposed sanctions on exports to Russia. As Russia no longer …

impose targeted measures (e.g., "smart" sanctions) that hurt the antagonist directly, and comprehensive measures (e.g., trade …