The analysis of education systems should concern both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Such a comprehensive approach should create the possibilities of current state observation, progress evaluation and forecasts formulation. The results of the analysis may support the attempts at...

Economists disagree; this is a matter of fact. Economics has an empirical methodology to verify whatever theories economists from different schools of thought advance in order to explain the economic phenomenon. This empirical methodology lends economists the confidence that most of the...

This is an introductory article which explains the importance of explicit consideration and modeling of causality, contrary to current econometric practice, in order to use data set for extraction of meaningful information. One of the easiest to understand approaches to causality is via...

Undergraduate students typically are able to regurgitate basic rules and formulas for probability. They also have little trouble following the cookbook steps for estimation and hypothesis testing. Microsoft Excel has empowered them to run regressions. We are not persuaded, however, that these...

This paper examines a simple version of the conduct parameter method widely used in empirical industrial organization and argues that the conduct parameter fails to measure market power accurately. It is shown analytically and with simulations that in a dynamic oligopoly model this...

We introduce a class of interpretable tree-based models (P-Tree) for analyzing (unbalanced) panel data, with iterative and global (instead of recursive and local) split criteria. We apply P-Tree to split the cross section of asset returns under the no-arbitrage condition, generating a stochastic...

Egypt's industries heavily rely on imported goods for production. Thus, an increase in imports could have a potentially positive effect on the labor market as it means more inputs for the production of exporting goods. Alternatively, minimal backward linkages in global value chains (GVCs) could...

Unlike many countries, Egypt did not experience significant labor market improvements following trade liberalization. In this paper, we build upon the earlier work of Robertson et al. (2021) to investigate why increased Egyptian exports did not directly increase employment. To illustrate the...

Topological data analysis (TDA) is an emerging method that has gained popularity in recent years, especially in the field of data science. TDA offers a powerful tool for analyzing complex and high-dimensional data, making it a promising method for researchers in economics. In this paper, we...

We propose a new specification test to assess the validity of the judge leniency design. We characterize a set of sharp testable implications, which exploit all the relevant information in the observed data distribution to detect violations of the judge leniency design assumptions. The proposed...