-level education or no education at all). The evidence is more mixed among better-educated workers in the formal sector: their wages …This paper studies the impact of import competition from China on informality and wages in the Peruvian manufacturing … surge in imports from China on the likelihood of being hired in the informal sector and on wages in both the formal and …

Discrimination in formal labor markets can push discriminated groups into labor informality, where wages are lower and … pensions scarce. In this paper, we explore whether education offsets discrimination by empowering discriminated groups to … successfully compete for formal jobs. Specifically, we calculate the returns to education on formal employment for a discriminated …

ILO pub-WEP pub. Working paper analysing woman worker labour force participation trends in Peru based on a world … fertility survey - examines female wages employment, unpaid work, occupational structure, labour supply determinants such as … population variables (incl. Family structure, marital status, age, internal migration and educational level), husband …

-Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, and Peru. We divide workers into five work statuses: formal wage-employed, formal self …, wages are highest for formal workers and lowest for lower-tier informal jobs. The proportion of formal workers who maintain … move up the wage ladder. Education plays an important role, as it increases the probability of transitioning into a better …