, participation, and exclusion of women in family businesses, we will explore how the concept of ‘gender’ informs representations and … notions in both academic and laymen discourse provide a fertile ground on which the cultural category of gender can be … reckoning contesting social categories based on gender as not of a contradictory, but of a complementary nature. …

information on employers, to measure the relative bargaining power of men and women and assess the impact of the gender gap in … bargaining strength on the male-female wage gap. We show that a model with additive fixed effects for workers and gender … perform a simple decomposition by assigning the firm-specific wage premiums for one gender to the other. Second, we relate the …

gender performance gap. After controlling for business and entrepreneur characteristics, female-owned businesses exhibit a …-employment raises the gap by 5 percentage points. We then investigate the role of sharing norms and gender-differentiated allocation of … time within the household in the gender performance gap, by estimating their effect on the technical inefficiency of female …