The United Nations’ Millennium Declaration, passed by the General Assembly in September 2000, is assessed with particular attention being given to the Millennium Development Goals and associated targets outlined in the Declaration. The focus of the article is not so much on the extent to which...

This article explores the socio-economic situation of female heads and poor heads of household in rural Botswana by means of a case study of the village of Nshakazhogwe, a village considered to be typical for rural east Botswana. It examines the extent to which the occurrence of poverty of...

Taking into account Kuznet’s hypothesis, considers the general relationship between the evolution and extension of market systems and the incidence of poverty and economic inequality. It suggests that a re-evaluation of the Kuznet’s curve is needed because income inequality has been rising...

This paper reports on and analyzes primary survey data obtained from a survey of household heads on the rural village of Nshakazhogwe, a typical rural village in northeast Botswana. It examines the associations between the incidence of poverty of household heads in this village and the values of...

Botswana’s average economic growth rate of about 8 per cent during 1985-2005 is one of highest in the world. A major contributor of this growth was mining which, in 2005/06, had a 41.4 per cent share of GDP. Various government welfare and empowerment programmes indicate that redistribution of...

Available funds for protecting and managing nature reserves are extremely limited in developing countries, including China. This article considers the financing and management of Xishuangbanna State Nature Reserve in Yunnan as a case study. This Reserve is under the overall management of the...

Economic use of wildlife can be consumptive or non-consumptive, commercial or non-commercial. Given the economic preoccupation of virtually all modern societies, wildlife of economic value or use is favoured for conservation. However, does its commercial use favour conservation? This depends...

Rapid growth has occurred in tourism to China since 1978 and although 1989 resulted in a large reduction in the number of external visitors to China, resumed growth since then has established new records for levels of tourism arrivals in China. In addition, a new attitude to the development of...

Bodies concerned with conservation need funds to carry out their conservation activities. This requires them to communicate effectively with potential donors or lenders. Economic factors can influence choices in this regard. Most donors like to see value for money or resources used so it is...

After briefly defining ecotourism, factors affecting the demand for it, its relative growth and its value for nature conservation are discussed. There has been an upsurge in interest in ecotourism as a possible profitable means to ensure sustainable ecological development. However, investment in...