Research on voluntary agri-environmental schemes (AES) typically reveals limited engagement on the part of most participants, with the majority enticed into participation by a combination of attractive payment rates and compatibility with the existing farming system. Commentators have argued...

This paper evaluates the effect of agronomic uncertainty on bioenergy crop production as well as endogenous commodity and biomass prices on the feedstock composition of cellulosic biofuels under a binding mandate in the United States. The county-level simulation model focuses on both field crops...

Several states have a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) and allow for biomass co-firing to meet the RPS requirements. In addition, a federal renewable fuel standard (RFS) mandates an increase in cellulosic ethanol production over the next decade. This paper quantifies the effects on local...

The energy dependence of Ukraine necessitates finding alternative energy sources, which primarily should take into account the resources available, the possibility of prospective studies and cost-effectiveness of such developments. One of considered alternative sources is the potential of...

The EU bioethanol market has irrevocably entered the new era inaugurated by the Biofuels Directive. Most of the governments have decided to introduce mandatory ethanol blending into fuels to demonstrate their continuing political support for renewable energy sources and to encourage industry to...

Average full (including capital, operation and maintenance costs) annual heating costs in a 2 standard family house with 180 m of floor surface are compared for various heating systems under the Polish economic conditions. The compared heating technologies comprise water to water and ground loop...

This paper aims to analyse, at a European level, the extent to which dispositions contained in Council Directive 91/676/CEE have been applied. The Directive aims to decrease water pollution directly or indirectly caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, and to prevent other similar...

All activities concerning the development of dispersed generation and prosumer energy are a significant component of sustainable development of rural areas. Wise and effective use of energy should be conducive to the social and economic boost in those areas, as well as an improvement in...

In 2007 the European Union suggested the following Energy Package: minimum 20% reduction of greenhouse gases emissions, minimum 20% of energy from renewable sources and using minimum 10% of biofuels for transportation purposes by 2020. The share of biofuels in the total amount of fuels used in...

Poland’s accession to the EU has caused a necessity of harmonising Polish with the union law also in the field of energy law. It also enforces achievement of 7,5% share of energy from alternative sources in the total energy consumption in 2010. Execution of this international commitment will...