fragmentation of activities entrusted to foreign services production units to adapt their information and knowledge protection …

both of these effects are present and analyzes the effects of increased fragmentation and offshoring in the short run and … always gains from increased fragmentation , whereas poor countries see their static gains partially eroded by a decline in …

outsourcing tax on an economy in which the production of a specific intermediate input has been fragmented and outsourced. If the … outsourced sector provides a non-traded input, the outsourcing tax can have adverse impact on labor even if it is the most … labor. In the case where the intermediate input is traded, the outsourcing tax closes down either the intermediate input …

paper, we adapt a general model of fragmentation of production activities to try to capture the specific features of …

The paper studies fragmentation and outsourcing at the international level. …

. Outsourcing decisions then balance flexibility gains against hold-up costs of opportunistic behaviour by outside contractors. In … equilibrium, the degree of outsourcing is shown to depend on the degree of product market competition, contractor's bargaining … power, and the volatility of demand shocks. Our main result is that an increase in the degree of outsourcing amplifies the …

The increased importance of fragmentation in world trade has created an interest among trade economists to explain the …