En este documento se cuantifica la creación de valor para los accionistas del Banco Santander (BSCH) entre diciembre de 1991 y diciembre de 2005. En ese período, el aumento de la capitalización de BSCH fue de 67.070 millones de euros, el aumento del valor para los accionistas fue de 32.114...

This paper corrects some of the equations of Farber, Gillet and Szafarz (2006). The WACC is a discount rate widely used in corporate finance. However, correctly calculating the WACC involves properly calculating the value of tax shields, and the value of tax shields depends on the company's debt...

There is a wealth of literature about discounted cash flow valuation. In this paper, we will discuss the most important papers, highlighting those that propose different expressions for the value of the tax shield (VTS). The discrepancies between the various theories on the valuation of a...

2005 was a very good year for the shareholders of the companies in the Euro Stoxx 50. The shareholder value creation of these 50 companies was €292.9 billion. The companies that created most value for their shareholders were Total (€30 billion), Sanofi-Synthelabo (€23.2 billion) and Eni...

We value a company that targets its capital structure in book-value terms. This capital structure definition provides us with a valuation that lies between those of Modigliani-Miller (fixed debt) and Miles-Ezzell (fixed market-value leverage ratio). We show that if a company targets its leverage...

It is a big mistake to use betas calculated from historical data to compute the required return to equity. It is a mistake for seven reasons: because betas calculated from historical data change considerably from one day to the next; because calculated betas depend very much on which stock index...

This paper shows that ten methods of company valuation using cash flow discounting (WACC; equity cash flow; capital cash flow; adjusted present value; residual income; EVA; business's risk-adjusted equity cash flow; business's risk-adjusted free cash flow; risk-free-adjusted equity cash flow; and...

Este documento es un compendio de los métodos y teorías más utilizados para valorar empresas por descuento de flujos. Los diez métodos descritos son: flujos para las acciones descontados a la rentabilidad exigida a las acciones; free cash flow descontado al WACC; capital cash flows descontados...

The value of tax shields depends only on the nature of the stochastic process of the net increases of debt. The value of tax shields in a world with no leverage cost is the tax rate times the current debt plus the present value of the net increases of debt. We develop valuation formulae for a...

En el periodo comprendido entre diciembre del 2001 y diciembre de 2011, la rentabilidad del IBEX 35 fue del 4,3%, y la de los bonos del Estado a diez años, del 5,13%. De entre los 532 fondos de pensiones con diez años de historia, solo 2 superaron la rentabilidad de los bonos del Estado a diez...