Over the last decade Portuguese Agricultural Credit Cooperatives (ACCs) have increasingly face survival challenges … ACCs governance can work on correcting bad economic performance is of crucial importance to overcome this constraint. The … main objective of this paper is to describe the governance control mechanisms in the ACCs. Five governance mechanisms are …

financial or economic value of strategic options in agricultural cooperatives can be significant, and decision makers may … benefit from accounting for their presence. Originality/value – Cooperatives play an important role in agribusiness but have … to an understanding of the value of control and residual rights associated with the Board and members of cooperatives …

-employment as well as wage employment at a time to increase their welfare. The shifters due to relaxation of credit constraint or … proliferation of access to credit moves toward sole self-employment activity with higher likelihood than the dual activity – to be …