This paper surveys the link between imperfect competition and the effects of fiscal policy on output, employment and welfare. We examine static and dynamic models, with and without entry under a variety of assumptions using a common analytical framework. We find that in general there is a robust...

In this paper we consider the entry and exit of RMS in a dynamic general equilibrium model with capital and a XED labour supply. At the firm level, there is a XED cost combined with increasing marginal cost, which gives a standard U-shaped cost curve with optimal firm size. At the aggregate...

In this paper, we see how much the average monthly frequency of price changes ties down the behavior of firms in steady-state in terms of the average length of price-spells across firms. We use the UK CPI data at the aggregate and sectoral level and find that the actual mean is about twice the...

The monthly frequency of price-changes is a prominent feature of many studies of the CPI micro-data. In this paper, we see how much this ties down the behavior of price-setters ("firms") in steady-state in terms of the average length of price-spells across firms. We are able to divide an upper...

The Generalized Calvo and the Generalized Taylor models of price and wage-setting are, unlike the standard Calvo and Taylor counter-parts, exactly consistent with the distribution of durations observed in the data. Using price and wage micro-data from a major euro-area economy (France), we...

This paper develops a statistical framework of steady-state identities which enable us to match the distributions of durations found in the micro-data to generalized Taylor and Calvo models of time-dependent pricing. We illustrate the approach with the UK micro CPI data for 2006-2009, and employ...

This paper shows how any steady state distribution of ages and related hazard rates can be represented as a distribution across firms of completed contract lengths. The distribution is consistent with a Generalised Taylor Economy or a Generalised Calvo model with duration dependent reset...