This paper evaluates the effects of a fall in payroll taxes on employment and wages in the presence of high labor … formality. The model suggests that the reform would increase total employment by between 0.3 to 0.5 percent and formal … employment by between 3.4 to 3.7 percent over the pre-reform scenario. In addition, formal wage rates would increase by 4 …

In a brief period of time after the 2001-2002 crisis, there was a dramatic fall in informal salaried employment in … Argentina. Informal employment – also called “non-registered employment” – refers to employment for which no social security … the recent evolution of informal employment and the main policies designed to reduce its scope and to encourage the …

employment stability enjoyed by workers. This implies that in Italy women with highly protected and stable jobs find it easier to …

of "jobless growth", India has experienced concentrated employment growth, mainly in urban areas and for men. This has … employment in urban areas. But the ability of the manufacturing sector to engage workers will be constrained by the capital and … skill intensity of production. More wage employment will be created but the challenge is to ensure these workers have access …

in Egypt. The paper focuses on unprotected employment and the extent to which it changed by educational level right after … the January Uprising of 2011. We find that over time and particularly after the revolution, informal employment has …

on continuous (steady) decline and rural employment base has accordingly witnessed a modest degree of diversification. In … this paper it has been attempted to review the determinants of rural non-farm employment i.e. the factors determining the … into more productive sectors. These statistics reveal that the country is facing huge challenges of productive employment …

to establish a pre-pandemic employment trend and attribute any difference from this trend to the estimated effect of the … pandemic on employment outcomes. We find mixed impacts of the pandemic on Indonesia's labor market. While the pandemic has … reduced the gender gap in employment participation due to the "added worker effect" among women, it has also lowered overall …