fraud. The data on Chinese banks' non-performing loans has sometimes deviated from Benford's law. Up to 2012, the frequency … exceeded the expected level for large and government-owned banks during 2015-2018. …

Chinese banks likely have more non-performing loans (NPLs) than officially reported. As hidden NPLs earn no interest … income, loan quality problems may erode the gross interest income of banks. Using stochastic frontier analysis, we estimate … Chi-nese banks. Our results uncover a substantial weakening in the quality of Chinese bank loan portfo-lios in 2016. Big …

In the traditional banking model, loans play a dominant role in banks’ operations. Loan portfolio quality is the main … generator of banks’ results. In the periods of best results, as well as in times of worst performance of banks’ operations, the …