Conceptual ambiguities and statistical weaknesses hamper the assessment of external competitiveness. The term competitiveness, while applied extensively, is often imprecisely defined, which can result in analytical errors and mistaken policy advice. Furthermore, aggregate statistical measures of...

We estimate a model of time-of-use (TOU) consumption and choice among optional TOU tariffs in which the customer's choice among tariffs is based on its demand parameters, which vary in the population. We simulate the impact on consumption, consumer surplus, and profit of several optional TOU...