Jennifer Ho, Li‐Chin; Liu, Chao‐Shin; Ouyang, Bo - In: Review of Accounting and Finance 11 (2012) 2, pp. 120-140
‐based earnings management. This paper aims to extend their argument by examining whether the balance sheet constraint increases … managers' propensity to use either downward forecast guidance or real earnings management as a substitute mechanism to avoid … earnings surprises. Design/methodology/approach – Following Barton and Simko, the paper uses the beginning balance of net …