This note presents an easily implemented, inexpensive, private sector innovation, a futures-friendly derivative (FFD) intended to compete with the unnecessarily credit-risky, dealer-traded, over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, and their clumsy, expensive, government-mandated clearing...

Banks must manage their trading books, not just value them. Pricing includes valuation adjustments collectively known as XVA (at least credit, funding, capital and tax), so management must also include XVA. In trading book management we focus on pricing, hedging, and allocation of prices or...

The utility of Potential Future Exposure (PFE) for counterparty trading limits is being challenged by new market developments, notably widespread regulatory Initial Margin (using 99% 10-day exposure), and netting of trade and collateral flows. However PFE has pre-existing challenges w.r.t....

Regulations impose idiosyncratic capital and funding costs for holding derivatives. Capital requirements are costly because derivatives desks are risky businesses; funding is costly in part because regulations increase the minimum funding tenor. Idiosyncratic costs mean no single measure makes...

What return should you expect when you take on a given amount of risk? How should that return depend upon other people's behavior? What principles can you use to answer these questions? In this paper, we approach these topics by exploring the consequences of two simple hypotheses about risk.The...

For single horizon models of defaults in a portfolio, the effect of model and distribution choice on the model results is well understood. Collateralized Debt Obligations in particular have sparked interest in default models over multiple horizons. For these, however, there has been little...

In counterparty credit risk management for swaps, forwards, and other derivative contracts, it is recognized that most common applications of credit exposure measures suffer from the deficiency of assuming that counterparty default is independent of the amount exposed. Stress tests are often...

We examine the performance of the standard tranched credit derivative (or synthetic CDO) pricing model over most of the lifetime of these derivatives. As the market for these derivatives is quite liquid, we focus on the application of the model for hedging, rather than for absolute pricing. We...

We develop two neo-classical methods for function approximations, the generalized stochastic sampling (gSS) and the functional tensor train (fTT) methods, that are high-performing alternatives to generic deep neural networks (DNNs) currently routinely proposed for function approximations in...

We show that if sophisticated institutional managers and individual investors perceive tail-risks differently, then a new explanation for the pricing kernel puzzle emerges. We show, by example, that even a tiny difference in tail-risk perception by the two investor types can explain the pricing...