Economic literature first turned its attention to the co-operative movement in the period of the flowering of classical political economics. From then on and to the present day, co-operatives have aroused the interest of the different currents of economic thought. In this article we review the...

The evolution of the Social Economy concept over the last 30 years is analyzed in this article, both from the point of view of its own protagonists and its presence in scientific, specialized literature. Together with the Social Economy concept, the non-profit sector concept is also analyzed as...

Abstract Instrumental variables allow for quantification of cause and effect relationships even in the absence of interventions. To achieve this, a number of causal assumptions must be met, the most important of which is the independence assumption, which states that the instrument and any...