There is an underlying partnership agreement in cooperatives that makes use of accounting regulations to determine the results. This can indirectly lead to a modification in the organization that was originally planned. Therefore, we should start with accounting regulations when legislating on...

Mercantile law and in particular the National Accounting Plan do not consider the peculiarities of co-operatives, derived from their different nature and functioning, and making necessary the existence of rules of adaptation bringing together their peculiarities in order for financial...

The adoption of IASB accounting regulations by the European Union has led to a process of reform in Spanish legislation on corporations, similar to that which occurred at the end of the 1980s. The approval of Law 16/2007 brings with it numerous changes in the legal framework of companies,...

Co-operative principles have a strong economic content and fix peculiarities in the financial structure and generation and sharing of a surplus. In Spain the specific difference between co-operatives and capitalist companies derives from the different rules and laws which have influenced the...

Co-operative societies are obliged to carry out accounting in accordance with accounting rules but also following their own economic regimes as established by co-operative laws in force. This made it advisable to draw up rules adapting the National Accounting Plan for co-operatives, and to this...

The proposal of an adaptation of the National Accounting System (PGC) for the Cooperative sector has seen fruition in a Project, currently at the draft stage, published by the Instituto de Contabilidad y Auditoría de Cuantas (ICAC) and disseminated in several forums with the aim of: being...

An international reaction was required to the financial scandals of recent years, and some States started to reform corporate governance. Two main systems were used – self-regulation through good governance codes, and legislative measures to achieve transparency in financial markets. The...

Co-operative societies, conceived generally as an enterprise, are subject to the accounting norms contained in mercantile law. Likewise, the legislation for co-operatives, whether national or regional, establishes the obligation to make accounts in accordance with accounting rules, respecting...

Spanish corporate law claims to be inspired by the co-operative principles of the International Co-operative Alliance, which should always be applied in the terms which are gathered in the law. However, the law’s need to increase economic efficacy has led to the existence of permissive and...

A growing number of businesses are social enterprises, with a dual mission of generating profits for investors while also pursuing various social goods. Statutes have created new legal forms of business association to be used by social enterprises, most prominently benefit corporations, but also...