In recent years, it is not only a researcher, or a developer, who is important for technology innovation, but increasingly important there have become the micro and macro environment of the institution/company. Since, many times, technology innovation requires cooperation within the business...

This paper discusses how to improve Canada’s business innovation in order to boost labour productivity and output growth. Many general framework conditions are highly favourable to business risk-taking and innovation, including macro stability, openness, strong human capital, low corporate tax...

This paper uses a large language model to develop an ex-ante measure of the commercial potential of scientific findings. In addition to validating the measure against the typical holdout sample, we validate it externally against 1.) the progression of scientific findings through a major...

A higher fragmentation of patent ownership following the recent U.S. pro-patent shifts has built overlapping property rights or patent thickets for firms with cumulative innovations. This has made the use of other firms' innovations costlier, due to higher transaction costs, licensing fees, and...