This article proposes a notional defined contribution (NDC) mechanism to ensure pension mobility for the 150 million migrating workers in China during both the accumulation and drawdown phases. Planned governance would ensure independence from the three existing pension systems. An appropriately...

We exploit a comprehensive restructuring of the early retirement system in Norway in 2011 to examine labor supply responses to alternative pension reform strategies relying on improved work incentives (flexibility) or increased access ages (prescription), respectively. We find that increasing...