Various studies have reported that many economic systems have been exhibiting an increase in the correlation between different market sectors, a factor that exacerbates the level of systemic risk. We measure this systemic risk of three major world shipping markets, (i) the new ship market, (ii)...

In a variety of physico-chemical reactions, the actual process takes place in a reactive zone, called the “active surface”. We define the active surface of the lung as the set of airway segments that are closed but connected to the trachea through an open pathway, which is the interface...

We study network configurations that provide optimal robustness to random breakdowns for networks with a given number of nodes N and a given cost—which we take as the average number of connections per node 〈k〉. We find that the network design that maximizes fc, the fraction of nodes that...

We generalize the conventional model of two-dimensional site percolation by including both (1) continuous deposition of particles on a two-dimensional substrate, and (2) diffusion of these particles in two-dimensions. This new model is motivated by recent thin film deposition experiments using...

We study the volatility of the S&P500 stock index from 1984 to 1996 and find that the volatility distribution can be very well described by a log-normal function. Further, using detrended fluctuation analysis we show that the volatility is power-law correlated with Hurst exponent α ≌ 0.9.

Employing detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and detrended cross-correlations analysis (DCCA), we analyze auto-correlations in the absolute returns for each of 30 Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) constituents, Si, and cross-correlations in the absolute returns between the DJIA and each Si....

We describe a geometric approach for studying phase transitions, based upon the analysis of the “density of states” (DOS) functions (exact partition functions) for finite Ising systems. This approach presents a complementary method to the standard Monte Carlo method, since with a single...

Owing to extremely slow decay of correlations, the limit H → 0 presents a poor approximation for the Ising model on the Sierpiński gasket. We present evidence of the competitive interplay between finite size scaling and thermodynamic scaling for this model, where both finite size and finite...

We study the transition between the strong and weak disorder regimes in the scaling properties of the average optimal path ℓopt in a disordered Erdős–Rényi (ER) random network and scale-free (SF) network. Each link i is associated with a weight τi≡exp(ari), where ri is a random number...