Paper compares two major schools of economic thought – neoclassical and evolutionary – from the perspective of keystone assumption: rationality of economic agents. It discusses role of rationality assumption in neoclassical and evolutionary theories; importance of expectations; and...

Expectations concerning key economic variables certainly influence decisions undertaken by economic agents. Since assumption of rationality forms the basis of neoclassical economic theory, question of whether expectations of industrial enterprises are indeed formed rationally deserves careful...

This paper evaluates similarities between a priori information supplied by the business tendency surveys (that is, expectations), and a posteriori information (that is, realizations). A priori structure is defined by fractions of respondents expressing expectations, and a posteriori structure...

Data revision is defined as an adjustment published after the initial announcement had been made; it may reflect rectification of errors, availability of new information, etc. When economists use a database, they may not even be aware that some of the values have been revised, perhaps repeatedly,...

This paper evaluates information content of survey data by the means of entropy and dissimilarity measures. Similarities between a priori information (expectations) and a posteriori information (realizations) are assessed for four variables originating from Polish business tendency survey and...

This article is set within the framework of studies focusing on the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the dynamics of economic activity. For the purposes of the analysis of the expectations expressed in business tendency surveys, the paper aims to verify whether the pandemic of 2020-2022 can be...