Using data for 91 large banks from 45 countries, this paper finds few differences in the extent, type, and pricing of SME loans across foreign, private, and government-owned banks, even though different bank ownership types apply different lending technologies and have different organizational...

Combining data on 1.3 million firms from 2002 to 2011 operating in 59 countries with changes in macroprudential regulations over this period, we find some evidence that macroprudential policies are associated with lower credit growth, especially for small firms with limited non-bank financing....

Combining balance sheet data on 900,000 firms from 48 countries with information on the adoption of macroprudential policies during 2003-2011, we find that these policies are associated with lower credit growth. These effects are especially significant for micro, small and medium enterprises...