The author explores 20 criteria for a good road pricing system and presents case studies illustrating the costs, revenues, and benefits of alternative congestion charging mechanisms. The author finds that manual tollbooths are not suitable for congestion charging because they are land-, labor-,...

This work estimates the distribution of a time-varying toll over a 24-hour period that minimizes the combined queue length of the three tunnels that traverse Hong Kong's Victoria Harbour, taking into account institutional constraints. Our results reveal that switching from a flat toll to a...