This paper analyses the direct and indirect trade volume and trade cost effects of uncertainty on international trade and economic welfare using a structural gravity framework for a panel of 97 developed and developing countries from 2000 to 2018. Our results suggest that an increase in...

The first decade of economic and monetary union in Europe (EMU) has been a huge success. EMU has significantly benefited its member countries and accelerated the European integration process. Imbalances within EMU-differences in growth, inflation, competitiveness, current account and budget...

We analyse the proposed ‘stability pact’ for countries joining a European Monetary Union (EMU). Within EMU shortsighted governments fail to fully internalize the inflationary consequences of their debt policies, which results in excessive debt accumulation. Hence, although in the absence of...

The importance of the UK's economic relationship with Canada after the Second World War has not been adequately reflected in British historiography. Canada's vital importance in the provision of financial assistance and of foodstuffs and raw materials was reflected in the intensity of bilateral...

Nicholas Kaldor and Kazimierz Łaski have been two very prominent exponents of Keynesian thinking. They both contributed to the debate on European economic integration, one (Nicholas Kaldor) in the early 1970s, when there were fierce debates about the United Kingdom's entry to the European...

India's policy responses to the food price crisis were strong. Exports of basic staples were banned. Domestic support prices of wheat and rice were raised substantially. The urea price increases in global markets were absorbed through enhanced fertilizer subsidies. The government launched the...

In the analysis of public and external debt sustainability the National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia is actively using the IMF's Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) framework. The aim of our analysis is to improve the analytical power of the IMF's DSA framework, in the case of Macedonia....

The present paper offers best and worst case scenarios of out-of-cycle-review (OCR) of India's IPR laws by the US. It appears that benefits outweigh the negative possibilities. The paper also details the background of OCR, its importance for the private industry in US, its modus operandi and...

Economic planning is a term used to describe the long term plans of an incumbent government to manage the economy. Planning is defined as conceiving, initiating, regulating and controlling economic activity by the state according to set priorities with a view to achieving well-defined objectives...