The Forest as a Resource. Conflicts in the Northern Sweden Wooded land in the 19th century The forest as a resource played an important role in the structural transformation process which would change Sweden from an agrarian to an industrial economy during the 19th century. This paper will...

In the period before the second World War, the Dutch Bureau of Statistics had developed two sets of indicators ofunemployment in the Netherlands. One was based on statistical data of unemployment insurance funds of tradeunions and the other one on statistical data of labour exchanges. This paper...

This paper replies to commentaries by Sam White and by Ulf Büntgen and Lena Hellmann on our 'The Waning of the Little Ice Age: Climate Change in Early Modern Europe'. White and Büntgen/Hellmann seek to prove that Europe experienced the kind of sustained falls in temperature between the...

In this paper we document Canada's trade policy response to late-nineteenth- and earlytwentieth-century globalization. We link newly digitized annual product-specific data on the value of Canadian imports and duties paid from 1870-1913 to establishment-specific production and location...

Are return migrants 'losers' who fail to adapt to the challenges of the host economy, and thereby exacerbate the brain drain linked to emigration? Or are they 'winners' whose return enhances the human and physical capital of the home country? These questions are the subject of a burgeoning...

This paper answers the question which developing countries have gained and which have lost in the international division of labor during the last thirty years. The indicators used are GDP per capita in constant purchasing power parity and relative distance to the United States. Nearly all...

This paper describes the history of famine in Ireland between c. 1300 and c. 1900. Inevitably, most of its focus is on the two 'great' famines of the early 1740s and 1846-52.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently the focus of much media attention and policy discussion. A historical perspective on AMR suggests that although the challenge of AMR is real, the doomsday tone of most commentary is unwarranted. That is partly because most of the gains in life...

Der Krieg in der Ukraine wird für Russland tiefgehende geopolitische und ökonomische Konsequenzen haben. In einem beispiellosen Ausmaß hat der Westen Sanktionen gegen Russland verhängt, die die jahrzehntelangen ökonomischen Verflechtungen weitestgehend auflösen. Zugleich erlebt Russland...

Sustained economic growth in England can be traced back to the early seventeenth century. That earlier growth, albeit modest, both generated and was sustained by a demographic regime that entailed relatively high wages, and by an increasing endowment of human capital in the form of a relatively...