The budget constraint requires that, eventually, consumption must adjust fully to any permanent shock to income …

the period 1980q1-2011q4. That is, income is more often found to predict consumption and saving than the converse. Our … consumption and by exploring the direction of Granger causality between the two series. We also give evidence that house price … changes played a role in the US income and consumption dynamics, before, during and after the Great Recession. …

the period 1980q1-2011q4. That is, income is more often found to predict consumption and saving than the converse. Our … consumption and by exploring the direction of Granger causality between the two series. We also give evidence that house price … changes played a role in the US income and consumption dynamics, before, during and after the Great Recession. …

Like many other countries, aggregate consumption constitutes a major portion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in … Pakistan. Consumption decisions determine savings decisions. In long term growth literature, differences in long term growth … consumption models in the literature for their empirical verification taking macro level data for Pakistan economy. These include …

increase in household consumption. …

We measure the response of household consumption of different income groups to social spending during the 2002 …

behaviour could thus imply a challenge to PIH-based standard models of consumption if it meant that a substantial share of … consumption to predictable income changes observed in Germany. …

The Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH) entails that consumption reacts more strongly to persistent than to temporary …, households are forward-looking and seek to smooth consumption. Moreover, the estimated propensities of persistent shocks are of … consumption estimations are affected by lagged temporary income shocks. When income shocks are decomposed into positive and …

The effects of trade openness on macroeconomic volatility are theoretically ambiguous, so the issue must be resolved … their effects are jointly estimated, both economic size and trade openness have a sizable, negative, and generally … statistically significant effect on the variability of output, consumption, investment, and the exchange rate. It is also found that …