The authors analyze some aspects of the market for Brady bonds (restructured debt in developing countries). They focus on how the debt crisis in Mexico in 1994 affected risk assessment (as measured by the stripped spread) in other Brady countries, especially Poland. Their main finding: The risk...

This paper investigates the vulnerability of countries in sub - Saharan Africa to uncertainty about commodity prices, exchange rates, and interest rates. It discusses some of the instruments these countries can use to manage financial risk and conclude that instruments linked to commodity prices...

Many developing countries are still heavily dependent on mineral extraction to generate fiscal revenue and to earn foreign exchange. When minerals form a significant proportion of the country's asset base it is particularly important to have a framework to evaluate the adequacy of compensation...

The authors discuss two effects of financial liberalization, using panel data for Ecuadorian firms. After describing the main thrust of the reforms and the general macroeconomic developments, they document the changes that occurred in the firms'financial structure and in the allocation of...

In the early 1980s, interest rate ceilings and other regulations affecting financial assets were lifted in Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The paper finds that liberalization of interest rates significantly increased the real return on financial assets in Thailand and Indonesia,...

In the context of a serious financial, and legal crisis, Argentina reformed its pension system in 1994, when a multi-pillar model with a funded scheme was introduced, and first pillar parameters, as minimum age and vesting requirements were tightened. The new system has a significant first...

This report provides a set of preliminary hypotheses and exploratory econometric testing to explain low rates of participation in reformed social security systems, with special emphasis on two Latin American countries. The hypotheses claim that the working poor and self-employed continue to have...

This paper explores the appropriate development of policy towards mandatory, retirement income streams within this broad framework, paying particular attention to the economic environments relevant to developing economies. After a review of existing practices, numerical simulation techniques are...

Argentina, where increases in inflation appear to be closely linked to government attempts to raise seigniorage, was chosen for this study because of its persistent high rates of inflation and its fiscal imbalance. Monetization of fiscal deficits becomes a major force for creating money and...

The current social security systems in many OECD countries were adopted before World War II, when private financial markets were underdeveloped or in disrepute. They expanded sharply in the 1950s and 1960s, when real wages and population were growing rapidly. Under those circumstances, it seemed...