There is a significant gap in financing sustainable development in emerging economies to meet the climate commitments under the Paris Agreement and to fulfill the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimates that more than USD...

Financial markets have developed rapidly since the 1980s, crossing national borders, and a new financial order has emerged. As a result of increasing competition in this new market, financial institutions and companies have had to improve and renew themselves. The emergence of new financial...

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of contents -- Figures -- Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part 1 Trends and determinants of bond market development -- 1 Change in tendencies in the global debt market: Specifics of development of...

This paper explores the link between default risk and fiscal procyclicality. We show that countries with higher sovereign risk have a more procyclical fiscal expenditure policy, which is driven mostly by transfers. We build a small open economy model with income inequality, social transfers, and...