Despite their extensive applications in research and policy studies, no product level comparisons had been made between Bela Balassa's"revealed"comparative advantage (RCA) index and indices associated with the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) that reflect the standard Hecksher-Ohlin...

Most goods imported from developing countries, enter Quad markets duty-free, and, average tariffs in Quad markets are very low. But tariffs for some commodities are over one hundred percent. Such"tariff peaks"are often concentrated in products developing countries want to export: agricultural,...

How to address the link between environmental regulation and trade was an important part of discussions at the World Trade Organization Ministerial in Doha, Qatar in November 2001. Trade ministers agreed to launch negotiations on trade and the environment, specifically clarification of WTO...

Most literature suggests that voluntary export restraints (VER) are not very harmful for the exporting country. This paper argues that this view is misconceived. Most work has focused on the welfare loss to the importing country arising from a loss of income transfer combined with a...

Has the revival of the Andean Pact affected the industrial growth of Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador? Has this regional agreement had greater effects tha unilateral liberalization? The author explores two potential channels for industrial growth: scale effects and variety of imported intermediate...

To address questions about how stronger patent rights will affect India's pharmaceutical industry, the author simulates the effects of introducing such protection - as required by the World trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) - on market structure...

Domestic content requirements are regulations that mandate minimum percentages of domestic value-added, or domestic components for products sold within the country, or provide strong incentives to substitute domestic for imported inputs. The author developed a model to investigate the...

Postwar industrialization has moved Mexico's manufacturing industry toward more polluting activities. Fairly independent of changes in foreign trade policy, this process was induced by expansive public investments in heavily polluting subsectors, especially petro - and agrochemicals. Below -...

This paper presents empirical evidence pertaining to the"adding up problem"and the"fallacy of composition". It is shown that, rather than market constraint in the developed countries, export growth in the developing countries is largely determined by supply factors. Thus, the deceleration of...

The paper empirically explores the linkages between environmental regulations and international trade flows. So far, empirical studies either have failed to find any close statistical relationship or have delivered questionable results due to data limitations. Using a comprehensive new database...