Patterns of commodity trade and foreign direct investment are not consistent with the proposition that European economies are experiencing a process of increasing ‘globalization’. Internationalization takes place as economic integration within the European Union and the European Union...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the foreign loan activity of multinational banks and their foreign representation. The investigation of this relationship is important because it shows that the activities of multinational banks cannot be described by an...

Na de crisis in Azië zoekt men allerlei manieren om het flitskapitaal aan banden te leggen. De achterliggende gedachte is dat financiële crises veroorzaakt worden door speculanten … la George Soros en het kuddegedrag van beleggers. Onze mening is dat de crisis in Zuidoost-Azië net als de...

Analyzing changes over time in firm-level R&D efforts we find that demand growth in a firm's sector of principal activity has a positive influence on changes in a firm's R&D effort, confirming Schmookler's (1969) 'demand-pull' hypothesis. This finding points to an aspect of effective demand...

Compared to firms in rural regions, firms in urban agglomerations of the Netherlands dedicate a higher share of their R&D to product development. In our Hurdle Count Data estimate of determinants of new product announcements we find that, with a given product-R&D-intensity, firms in central...

We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of five alternative innovation indicators: R&D, patent applications, total innovation expenditure and shares in sales taken by imitative and by innovative products as they were measured in the 1992 Community Innovation Survey (CIS) in the Netherlands. We...