Dental care was never fully integrated into the welfare state in Finland, but in 1986 it was decided to improve access to both publicly and privately provided dental care by reducing the price paid by patients. Since this would have been rather expensive to do for the whole population, it was...

The symmetry of an electronic limit order book is studied using high-frequency data. Is the order flow generated by buyers of the same structure as the one by sellers or would factors such as short selling restrictions and information trading result in asymmetries in the order flow? A model...

We analyse male "survival duration after hospitalization" following an acute myocardial infarction with a large ("N"=11024) Finnish data set to find the best performing hospital district (and to disseminate its treatment protocol). This is a multiple-treatment problem with 21 treatments (i.e. 21...

This was a longitudinal, general population study based on a Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, using a structural equation approach to estimate the health production function and health input functions for four lifestyle variables (smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise and unhealthy diet) for...