reduce competitiveness and that increased levels of foreign direct investment or export-orientation in manufacturing will …

We assess Finland’s competitiveness in the light of various, mainly short-term indicators. It turns out that the weak …-term competitiveness are quite good and maintaining and developing them should remain a key element of economic policy also in the future. …

competitiveness, b) ties to trading partners through their demand for import goods, c) global investment demand, and d) offshoring of … over the time period 1997-2016. The main results underscore that it is not only price competitiveness that influences … significant long-run impact on Austrian goods exports. Cost competitiveness does play a role in determining export market …

'foundational competitiveness', which we operationalise as GDP per working-age individual at PPP, this paper analyses how much … trading partners matter for the national competitiveness of European countries. Results based on a growth regression framework … show that higher growth of trading partners' competitiveness has a positive impact on the growth of national …

-to-head competition with Germany; iii) low non-price competitiveness of French export goods; iv) offshoring of entire production processes …

expansion. While an improvement in price competitiveness played a significant role, the majority of the increase in exports was …