To ask if financial statements should "represent fairly" or be "relevant" gives a political dimension to the trade-off between reliability and relevance, two characteristics of financial reporting that the IASC/IASB Conceptual Framework does not consider to be conflicting. However, depending on...

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine whether the concepts of organizational politics, procedural justice, and psychological contract breach can serve as indicators of a global evaluation of the (un)fairness of the organization, and that this general fairness evaluation predicts...

Although it is the only criminal offence stipulated by accounting law, forgery foreseen by article 43 of Accounting Law no. 82/1991, republished, represents a special variant of the criminal offence foreseen by article 289 of the Criminal Code, and, in this context, we discuss about a text...

In 1990 a new Spanish 'Plan General de Contabilidad' (PGC) implemented the requirements of the EU 4th and 7th Directives in Spain. Included in the PGC is the requirement, derived from the 4th Directive, that accounts should present a 'true and fair view', in Spanish 'imagen fiel'. Where the term...

Creative accounting is a growing issue of interest in Spain. In this article we argue that the concept true and fair view can limit or promote the use of creative accounting depending upon its interpretation. We review the range of meanings that true and fair view can take at an international...

Although it is considered that the respect of accountant principles would be an indispensable condition for the insurance of the true and fair view, more and more authors are against this idea, sustaining that such a situation beads to a significant distance taken by the information provided by...

This paper addresses issues of financial reporting within the context of European harmonisation and accession. The construct of the True and Fair View (hereafter TFV) constitutes a locus of reflection for the establishment of a mutually intelligible foundation for financial reporting in the New...

The process of decision-making and carrying out of economic transactions is not possible in the lack of accounting information. In order to be useful, it has to be drafted according to the requirements of legal and ethical provisions. In this context, the role of accounting professionals is...