Lehman Brothers’ failure required the Central Banks of the main developed and emerging countries to implement non-traditional monetary policy measures with a degree of coordination, cooperation and pragmatism that finds no precedents in history so as to prevent the deepening of the worst...

The international financial crisis that started in 2007 required the adoption of nontraditional monetary measures by most Central Banks. This paper analyses the recent impact of the crisis (September 2011- October 2012) in the implementation of monetary policy after the worsening of the global...

This paper describes the functioning of a currency board within the socio-economic context in which it operates. Special focus is given to the macroeconomic implications of a currency board system compared to a central bank system. In particular the author describes the principles regulating a...

In this paper we examine some of the issues which will arise if the European Central Bank adopts "direct inflation" targeting after the adoption of the single currency in Europe. One issue is how big the deviations in national inflation rates form the European average might be. Another is the...

Most authors have attributed the real effects of money in the short run either to mistaken expectations or to non-market clearing or both. In this paper we argue that neither of these channels is needed to explain the facts. We show that a competitive market clearing model in which money enters...

This paper analyzes German monetary policy in the post-Bretton Woods era.

Unlike my distinguished fellow panelists, I am not the head of a central bank. So I take my marching orders from the conference organizers. In this case, they asked me to ruminate on the extent to which central banks’ independence and credibility have been affected by their actions during the...

This paper is an attempt to provide an updated assessment of what we know and what do not know about the impact of monetary policy on the economy and what implications follow for the conduct of monetary policy in today's world. Firstly, we discuss the conditions under which monetary policy can...

It is argued that the history of the Australian Commonwealth Notes Issue Board over the period 1920-1924 is supportive of Friedman's contention that the possibility of a genuinely independent monetary authority is illusory. The Board was created as a genuinely independent monetary authority....