. The military response of some governments and security services degenerated into inadequate state counterterrorism with no …

seen as an important component of peace-building to reestablish legitimate governance and to prevent the recurrence of … effectiveness of future international peace-building programs, and for the ability of ex-combatants to be successfully integrated …

Policymakers often justify border hardening as a response to insecurity. However, evidence for security … North than in the Global South, where most border hardening has occurred. Among developing countries, two salient, security … security under the War on Terror has also spurred fortification. I find support for these hypotheses using new data on US …