Early in the 21st century, three-quarters of Europe’s population lived in countries with fertility considerably below … replacement. This general conclusion is arrived at irrespective of whether period or cohort fertility measures are used. In … Western and Northern Europe, fertility quantum was slightly below replacement. In Southern, Central and Eastern Europe …

In the last 60 years, Slovakia has experienced comparatively high and most recently very low fertility, long periods of … stable fertility alternating with periods of changes, periods of substantial as well as lesser state interventions. Fertility … dominant form of partnership is marriage, although extra-marital childbearing is rising. Cohabitation is spreading mainly as a …

By the end of the 20th century the two-child family became the norm throughout Europe. Between 40 and over 50 percent … replacement fertility. Much depends on progression ratios to first and to second births. In CEE mainly the progression ratios to … one-child family is increasing as are the proportions of people remaining childless. The latter trends were more …

. Furthermore, the main factors leading to the recently observed changes in family and fertility are identified and analysed …Since the beginning of the 1990s, Lithuania has been undergoing significant transformations in family life and has … experienced a precipitous decline in fertility. The determinants of the changes are diverse in character and are associated with …

Spain’s total fertility rate has more than halved since 1975, when it was 2.8, to the present 1.3 (the lowest rate on … hindering any sustained recovery of fertility. Cohort fertility, in turn, has declined uninterruptedly since the 1941 cohort … substantially to falling fertility. Underlying this decrease is the profound cultural, social, and economic change that has raised …

fertility. We note the polarization between, on the one hand, those who view public policies as obvious means for lifting the … currently low fertility levels in Europe, in line with the role of economic policies in a modern society; and, on the other hand …, those who feel that family policies are inefficient, and perhaps even unnecessary. We place the contributions of the …

I examine if and how rural Malawians alter their childbearing as a consequence of concern regarding the HIV …/AIDS epidemic. The paper is motivated by the debate which opposes two ideas regarding the childbearing effect of high HIV infection … rates and heightened AIDS mortality: one, the acceleration of childbearing as individuals find themselves under time …

After the state socialist regime of Poland collapsed in 1989, the nation’s total fertility rate plummeted from 2.1 to … 1.27 by 2007. Simultaneously, Poland severely reduced social service provisions and restricted access to family planning … with small children are decisive in women’s decisions to postpone or forego childbearing. The case of Poland demonstrates …

postponement, an end to universal childbearing, and the emergence of non-marital births. Family formation has been postponed, but a …, fertility has gone through major changes, namely, a massive reduction in fertility and important structural changes: birth … universal preference for parenting. However, the preference for the two-child family has declined and the desire for a larger …