The following sections are included:IntroductionRecent Policy Changes Affecting Hungarian AgricultureBasic Data and Overview of the ModelCosts of Licensing of Imports and Export SubsidiesCosts of a CAP Type SystemConclusionReferences

AbstractThe following sections are included:Lack of Territorial Continuity and Borders: Lack of Sovereign StatesTerritorial Imbalances: Inter- and Intra-regional DisparitiesDisparities between member states and within both regionsCapital cities versus surrounding regionsPovertySocial Structures:...

AbstractChanges in trade policy affect a nation's economic welfare through terms-of-trade and volume-of-trade effects. A move to global free trade would imply higher world economic welfare equal to the sum of all nations' volume-of-trade, or efficiency, effects. Since the sum of the...

AbstractThe following sections are included:Bureaucracies and Political EconomiesEconomic DependencyRegionalism and RegionalizationConclusion

Using an applied general equilibrium model, we find that the EU–Morocco free trade area (FTA) will increase Moroccan welfare by about 1.5% of its GDP, showing that trade diversion is not dominant. The gains increase to about 2.5% of GDP if Morocco adds trade liberalization with the rest of the...

The following sections are included:IntroductionWhat is Cross-Border Education?Trends in Cross-Border Higher EducationInternational Trade and Economic Value of Cross-Border Higher EducationGuidelines Towards Trade-Friendly Regulatory FrameworksSummary and Concluding RemarksReferences

In 2010, Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan formed the Eurasian Customs Union and imposed the Russian tariff as the common external tariff of the Customs Union. This resulted in almost doubling the external average tariff of the more liberal Kazakhstan. Russia has benefited from additional exports...

Despite economic theory and empirical literature that have shown that wide availability of business services contributes significantly to productivity gains and growth, economic modelers have been slow to meaningfully incorporate services into their models. This paper employs a 52-sector, small,...

AbstractIt is well known that large countries can manipulate the terms of trade to their advantage by using tariffs. It is widely believed, however, that this invites retaliation, and that the post-retaliation equilibrium leaves all countries worse off than they would be at free trade. We...

Conventional wisdom says that tariffs are counter-cyclical. This paper analyzes the relationship between business cycles and applied tariffs using a disaggregated product-level panel dataset covering 72 countries between 2000 and 2011. Strikingly, and counter to conventional wisdom, we find that...