Veenendaal, Paul; Manders, Ton - Centraal Planbureau (CPB), Government of the Netherlands - 2008
If the EU stands alone in adopting climate policy and imposes a strict emissions ceiling, competitiveness of EU energy-intensive sectors will be affected negatively. Relocation of EU energy-intensive firms to countries with a lax regime also leads to carbon leakage.
However, when use is made...