This paper provides a survey of "first wave" economic studies of tropical deforestation and land use. These studies of tropical forest land conversion are generally at the cross-country level. We also conduct a synthesis cross-country analysis of tropical agricultural land expansion. The results...

The concepts of dynamic ecological equilibrium and optimal externality are defined. The former is frequently advanced by ecologists as an objective of environmental planning. The latter is advanced as a planning objective by economists of the cost - benefit school of thought. It is demonstrated...