Large and complex financial institutions (LCFIs) create a significant challenge for the international regulatory community. Their complex group structures often consist of multiple legal entities operating in a variety of different jurisdictions. The close linkages among business areas within an...

The intense discussion of the ‘too big to fail' syndrome has diverted attention from the equally important issue of complexity. Size alone does not matter. It is the complexity of the legal structure of cross-border financial groups and the high degree of integration of their operations that...

An effective bank resolution regime requires taking action while the bank still has positive net worth and shareholder claims still have economic value. Such actions raise a number of legal issues with respect to the rights of shareholders. This paper aims to consider how to strike a balance...

Although it is unlikely that an economy such as Taiwan would face a balance of payments crisis of the type that hit Asia in 1997, institutional analysis suggests that the banking sector may be vulnerable to an internally driven crisis.This study applies the threshold indicators approach of...

This paper considers recent experience and proposals for enabling shocks to the banking system to be absorbed without the need for taxpayer funded bailouts. The paper argues that guarantees have an important but limited role to play in the financial safety net, when the operation of financial...

Adding contingently convertible debt securities, cocos, in an amount equal to about 3% of tangible assets to the financing mix of financial institutions is a promising reform idea. It would also be inexpensive for these institutions to issue cocos and thus to be prepared to recapitalize and to...

Does competition improve bank insolvency risk through a revenue diversification channel and what are the drivers that underlie diversification? Using a panel dataset of 978 banks, H-statistic and the Lerner index as measures of the degree of competition in the banking sector, and employing three...

The paper provides the IMF staff views on policy options to mitigate the risks posed by institutions perceived as too-important-to-fail (“TITF"). These institutions have become bigger and more complex since the crisis, and risky practices have started to reappear. The paper emphasizes the need...