In this paper, we discuss a new method for constructing a cyclically adjusted budget balance. We use the method to evaluate the budget balance for Sweden during the period 1991–2005. Traditionally, methods for cyclical adjustment have focused on the output gap. In this paper we also adjust for...

We use direct information on quarterly establishment-level hires and separations, as well as employee stocks to analyse the dynamics of permanent and temporary contracts. Job and worker flow rates for temporary contracts, indicating that previous results based on all types of contracts are...

The general government in Sweden runs an enormous current budget deficit and the public debt is increasing rapidly. The paper investigates the effects of a stabilization of the economy for different generations. The results for Sweden show that it is feasible to pay back the public debt and...

This paper analyzes the relationship between the budget balance and the cyclical situation of the economy. There are two main purposes. In the first analysis, we develop a method for economic policy, and induced changes that arise due to changes in the economy. The discretionary component of the...

The paper analyzes the cost-efficiency of trading CO2 emissions by focusing on the overall environmental impacts of active climate policy measures. When reducing CO2 emissions, other emissions, also related to the consumption of fossil fuels, decrease with no additional cost. These secondary...

Structural breaks in an economy may make the time period available for estimation of an econometric equation exceedingly short. To use the existing information efficiently, it may be profitable to use high-frequency data, say monthly data, for estimation of a particular equation, even if the...

This paper assesses the usefulness of constant gain least squares when forecasting inflation. An out-of-sample forecast exercise is conducted, in which univariate autoregressive models for inflation in Australia, Swe-den, the United Kingdom and the United States are used. The results suggest...

Adaptation to climate change often involves long time frames and uncer-tainties over consequences of chosen adaptation measures. In this study, two tools developed for assisting local decision-makers in adaptation planning were tested: socio-economic scenarios and sustainability analy-sis. The...

We propose a framework for studies of efficiency in environmental poli-cies in the form of an iterative “policy cycle”. The policy cycle’s six ma-jor elements are goal-setting, choice of policy instruments (informa-tion/communication, voluntary agreements, economic instruments and...

From the perspective of climate policy, a target for energy efficiency could imply costly overlapping regulation. We estimate, using a computable general equilibrium model of the Swedish economy, the potential economic cost of attaining the national 2020 energy intensity target by means of tax...