By using an applied general equilibrium model of the Swedish economy, this paper examines how an in-troduction of a kilometre tax will affect economic growth (GDP), industry structure and emission levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx). According to our findings, the GDP will decrease by 0.1-0.3 per...

Environmental and transport policies based on marginal external costs, such as a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles, can be constrained by the risk of industries incurring higher production costs than competi-tors in other countries. However, the significance and size of this cost is largely...

This is a description of the labor market sector in the dynamic medium term macroeconomic model KIMOD developed at the National Institute of Economic Research (NIER). <p> Unemployment is caused by matching inefficiencies of the type described by C. Pissarides in Equilibrium Unemployment, 2000....</p>

We generalize the short term memory test of an ARMA model, presented in Öller (1985), to the multivariate VARMA cases. In a study on Swedish exports and OECD demand we demonstrate how the multivariate setting extends the short memory.

Much of the debate over global climate change involves estimates of the direct costs of global climate change mitigation. Recently this debate has included the issue of <p> ancillary benefits. These benefits consist mainly of health improvements. Although it is <p> generally acknowledged that air...</p></p>

The purpose of this paper is to estimate a rudimentary model of the “rest of the world", which may serve as the foreign sector in a model of the Swedish economy. The “rest of the world" is here represented by the US and the euro zone which together cover some two thirds of the Swedish...

We estimate firms’ probability of technological adoption based on an unbalanced firm level panel data set from four major sectors during the 2000-2003 period. Technological adoption is measured by environ-mental protection investments (EPIs), and we focus particularly on differences between...

In the past 25 years, many OECD countries have implemented fiscal contractions to strengthen their public finances. The macroeconomic outcomes of these efforts have <p> varied. With the aid of an econometric model, this paper seeks to identify the factors <p> that make contractions successful from a...</p></p>

This study presents alternative measures of the Swedish real effective exchange rate (REER), based on three alternative weighting schemes and three alternative price indices. Pros and cons of alternative measures are discussed in the context of the REER as an indicator of competitiveness....

In this paper we examine whether data from business tendency surveys are useful for forecasting the macro economy in the short run. Our analyses primarily concern the growth rates of real GDP but we also evaluate forecasts of other variables such as unemployment, price and wage inflation,...