This paper examines four models which might be used to account for variations in the number of producers who operate in a particular market over the lifetime of that market. Two of these are standard economics textbook models, one is a non-standard model and one is a textbook model derived from...

This empirical paper investigates the impact of different sources of increasing returns on firm innovative behaviour in different regions of the UK. Of the different sources of increasing returns, the impact of intermediation and the emergence of specialised markets on the probability of...

The paper is motivated by sustained interest in the capabilities approach to welfare economics combined with the purported paucity of economic statistics that measure capabilities at the individual level. Specifically, it takes a focal account of normatively desirable capabilities constitutive...

This paper challenges the QALY maximizing approach to rationing health care on the grounds of the consequentialist (and sometimes approximately utilitarian) moral framework on which it is based. An alternative methodological approach is suggested and, in addition to consequences, four normative...

A well-known interpretation of Marx's reproduction schema identifies the role played by the 'Kalecki principle', or Widow's Curse, that capitalists earn what they spend. As Marx writes in Capital Volume II: 'In point of fact, paradoxical as it may seem at the first glance, the capitalist class...

The purpose of this paper is to assess empirically whether trade flows carry disembodied knowledge to emerging countries. Endogenous growth theory predicts that productivity growth rates of countries are related through international trade linkages and associated embodied and disembodied...

Recent finance literature highlights the role of technological change in increasing firm specific and aggregate stock price volatility (Campbell et al. 2001, Shiller 2000, Pastor and Veronesi 2006). Yet innovation data is not used in these analyses, leaving the direct relationship between...

Drawing on data from a new survey of individual capabilities across a range of life domains, the paper explores gender inequalities in the causes, experiences and consequences of violent crime. Measuring not only experienced violence, but also feelings of fear and vulnerability to future...