the bias is larger for a more persistent factor. In such a case, bootstrap procedures are effective in reducing the bias … and bootstrap confidence intervals outperform naive asymptotic confidence intervals in terms of controlling the coverage …

This paper develops a two-stage statistical analysis to identify and assess the effect of a sample bias associated with … higher levels of responsibility. A bootstrap analysis reveals that population mean estimates of monthly payment instrument …

can deteriorate severely, however, if the bootstrap IRFs are biased. We document an apparently common source of bias in … error variance bias can have significant distorting effects on bootstrap IRF confidence intervals. We also show that scale …Constructing bootstrap confidence intervals for impulse response functions (IRFs) from structural vector autoregression …